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101. Dataset for JGR Article (DOI: 10.1002/2014JD022278)

Abstract:
This dataset contains all the data, model and MATLAB codes used to generate the figures and data reported in the article (DOI: 10.1002/2014JD022278). The data was generated during September 2013 and February 2014 using the Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Model also provided with this package. The data was generated using the computational resources supported by the PICSciE OIT High Performance Computing Center and Visualization Laboratory at Princeton University. The dataset contains a pdf Readme file which explains in detail how the data can be used. Users are recommended to go through this file before using the data.
Type:
Dataset, Image, Software, and text
Issue Date:
19 November 2014

105. Deep Potential training data for crystalline and disordered TiO2 phases

Author(s):
Calegari Andrade, Marcos; Selloni, Annabella
Abstract:
Data set used to train a Deep Potential (DP) model for crystalline and disordered TiO2 phases. Training data contain atomic forces, potential energy, atomic coordinates and cell tensor. Energy and forces were evaluated with the density functional SCAN, as implemented in Quantum-ESPRESSO. Atomic configurations of crystalline systems were generated by random perturbation of atomic positions (0-0.3 A) and cell tensor (1-10%). Amorphous TiO2 was explored by DP molecular dynamics (DPMD) at temperatures in the range 300−2500 K and pressure in the range 0−81 GPa.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
9 October 2020

106. Deep Potential training data for subcritical and supercritical water

Author(s):
Calegari Andrade, Marcos; Ko, Hsin-Yu; Car, Roberto
Abstract:
Data set used to train a Deep Potential (DP) model for subcritical and supercritical water. Training data contain atomic forces, potential energy, atomic coordinates and cell tensor. Energy and forces were evaluated with the density functional SCAN. Atomic configurations were extracted from DP molecular dynamics at P = 250 bar and T = 553, 623, 663, 733 and 823 K. Input files used to train the DP model are also provided.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
19 August 2020

108. Delivery Gig Worker Interviews on Automation at Work

Author(s):
Enriquez, Diana
Abstract:
These data include 39 structured interview transcripts. Each case is someone who worked at the time for Uber, UberEats, Lyft, and/or Amazon Flex (Amazon’s contractor delivery service). These data were collected between July and September 2019. All but one of the interviews occurred over the phone. My questions are focused on the structure of their gig work jobs and the technology they used at work or expected to use at work in the future. I included a description of the data, the recruitment methods, and the discussion guide in this ReadMe file. 
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
21 September 2021

109. Demonstrating electromagnetic control of free-surface, liquid-metal flows relevant to fusion reactors

Author(s):
Hvasta, M. G.; Kolemen, E.; Fisher, A. E.; Ji, H.
Abstract:
Plasma-facing components (PFC's) made from solid materials may not be able to withstand the large heat and particle fluxes that will be produced within next-generation fusion reactors. To address the shortcomings of solid PFC's, a variety of liquid-metal (LM) PFC concepts have been proposed. Many of the suggested LM-PFC designs rely on electromagnetic restraint (Lorentz force) to keep free-surface, liquid-metal flows adhered to the interior surfaces of a fusion reactor. However, there is very little, if any, experimental data demonstrating that free-surface, LM-PFC's can actually be electromagnetically controlled. Therefore, in this study, electrical currents were injected into a free-surface liquid-metal that was flowing through a uniform magnetic field. The resultant Lorentz force generated within the liquid-metal affected the velocity and depth of the flow in a controllable manner that closely matched theoretical predictions. These results show the promise of electromagnetic control for LM-PFC's and suggest that electromagnetic control could be further developed to adjust liquid-metal nozzle output, prevent splashing within a tokamak, and alter heat transfer properties for a wide-range of liquid-metal systems.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
January 2018

112. Derrida's Margins datasets

Author(s):
Chenoweth, Katie; Koeser, Rebecca Sutton; Altergott, Renée; Baron-Raiffe, Alexander; Bauer, Jean; Budak, Nick; Córdova, Chad; Hancock, Austin; Hicks, Benjamin; McElwee, Kevin; Vettier, Chloé
Abstract:
Derrida’s Margins <derridas-margins.princeton.edu> is a website and online research tool for annotations from the Library of Jacques Derrida, housed at Princeton University Library (PUL) <library.princeton.edu>. Jacques Derrida is one of the major figures of twentieth-century thought, and his library--which bears the traces of decades of close reading--represents a major intellectual archive. This project focused on annotations related to Derrida’s landmark 1967 work De la grammatologie (Of Grammatology).
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
29 October 2021

113. Derrida's Margins datasets

Author(s):
Chenoweth, Katie; Baron-Raiffe, Alexander; Sutton Koeser, Rebecca
Abstract:
Derrida’s Margins <derridas-margins.princeton.edu> is a website and online research tool for annotations from the Library of Jacques Derrida, housed at Princeton University Library (PUL) <library.princeton.edu>. Jacques Derrida is one of the major figures of twentieth-century thought, and his library--which bears the traces of decades of close reading--represents a major intellectual archive. This project focused on annotations related to Derrida’s landmark 1967 work De la grammatologie (Of Grammatology).
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
15 October 2021

114. Design and measurement methods for a lithium vapor box similarity experiment

Author(s):
Schwartz, J. A.; Emdee, E. D.; Jaworski, M. A; Goldston, R. J.
Abstract:
The lithium vapor box divertor is a concept for handling the extreme divertor heat fluxes in magnetic fusion devices. In a baffled slot divertor, plasma interacts with a dense cloud of Li vapor which radiates and cools the plasma, leading to recombination and detachment. Before testing on a tokamak the concept should be validated: we plan to study detachment and heat redistribution by a Li vapor cloud in laboratory experiments. Mass changes and temperatures are measured to validate a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo model of neutral Li. The initial experiment involves a 5 cm diameter steel box containing 10g of Li held at 650 degrees C as vapor flows out a wide nozzle into a similarly-sized box at a lower temperature. Diagnosis is made challenging by the required material compatibility with lithium vapor. Vapor pressure is a steep function of temperature, so to validate mass flow models to within 10%, absolute temperature to within 4.5K is required. The apparatus is designed to be used with an analytical balance to determine mass transport. Details of the apparatus and methods of temperature and mass flow measurements are presented.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
August 2018

116. Design of Faraday cup ion detectors built by thin film deposition

Author(s):
Szalkowski, G.A.; Darrow, D.S.; Cecil, F.E.
Abstract:
Thin film Faraday cup detectors can provide measurements of fast ion loss from magnetically confined fusion plasmas. These multilayer detectors can resolve the energy distribution of the lost ions in addition to giving the total loss rate. Prior detectors were assembled from discrete foils and insulating sheets. Outlined here is a design methodology for creating detectors using thin film deposition that are suited to particular scientific goals. The intention is to use detectors created by this method on JET and NSTX-U. The detectors will consist of alternating layers of aluminum and silicon dioxide, with layer thicknesses chosen to isolate energies of interest. Thin film deposition offers the advantage of relatively simple and more mechanically robust construction compared to other methods, as well as allowing precise control of film thickness. Furthermore, this depositional fabrication technique places the layers in intimate thermal contact, providing for three-dimensional conduction and dissipation of the ion-produced heating in the layers, rather than the essentially two-dimensional heat conduction in the discrete foil stack implementation.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
January 2017

118. Detection of an electron beam in a high density plasma via an electrostatic probe

Author(s):
Majeski, Stephen; Yoo, Jongsoo; Zweben, Stewart; Yamada, Masaaki
Abstract:
An electron beam is detected by a 1D floating potential probe array in a relatively high density (10e12 − 10e13 cm−3) and low temperature (∼ 5 eV) plasma of the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX). Clear perturbations in the floating potential profile by the electron beam are observed. Based on the floating potential profile and a current balance equation to the probe array tips, the effective width of the electron beam is determined, from which we determine the radial and toroidal beam current density profiles. After the profile of the electron beam is specified from the measured beam current, we demonstrate the consistency of the current balance equation and the location of the perturbation is also in agreement with field line mapping. No significant broadening of the electron beam is observed after the beam propagates for tens of centimeters through the high density plasma. These results prove that the field line mapping is, in principle, possible in high density plasmas.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
2018

121. Developments on two lithium vapor-box linear test-stand experiments

Author(s):
Schwartz, Jacob A.; Goldston, Robert J.
Abstract:
The lithium vapor-box divertor is a possible fusion power exhaust solution.It uses condensation pumping to create a gradient of vapor density in a divertor slot; this should allow a stable detachment front without active feedback.As initial explorations of the concept, two test stands which take the form of three connected cylindrical stainless steel boxes are being developed: one without plasma at PPPL, to test models of lithium evaporation and flow; and one for the linear plasma device Magnum-PSI (at DIFFER in Eindhoven, The Netherlands) to test the ability of a lithium vapor cloud to induce volumetric detachment and redistribute the plasma power.The first experiment uses boxes with diameters of 6 cm, joined by apertures with diameters of 2.2 cm. Up to 1 g of Li is placed in one box, which is heated to up to 600 degrees C. The Li evaporates, then flows to and condenses in the two other, cooler boxes over several minutes. The quantity of Li transported is assessed by weighing the boxes before and after the heating cycle, and is compared to the quantity predicted to flow for the box at its measured temperature using a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo code, SPARTA. With good experimental conditions, the two values agree to within 15%.The experiment on Magnum-PSI is in the conceptual design stage.The design is assessed by simulations using the code B2.5-Eunomia.They show that when the hydrogen-ion plasma beam, with n_e = 4e20 per cubic meter, T_e = 1.5 eV, and r = 1 cm, is passed through a 16 cm long, 12 Pa, 625 degree C Li vapor cloud, the plasma heat flux and pressure on the target are significantly reduced compared to the case without Li.With the Li present, the plasma is cooled by excitation of Li neutrals followed by radiation until it volumetrically recombines, lowering the heat flux from 3.7 MW/m^2 to 0.13 MW/m^2, and the pressure is reduced by 93%, largely by collisions of hydrogen ions with neutral Li.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
January 2021

122. Diagnostics for molybdenum and tungsten erosion and transport in NSTX-U

Author(s):
Scotti, F.; Soukhanovskii, V.; Weller, M.
Abstract:
A comprehensive set of spectroscopic diagnostics is planned in the National Spherical Torus Experi- ment Upgrade to connect measurements of molybdenum and tungsten divertor sources to scrape-o↵ layer (SOL) and core impurity transport, supporting the installation of high-Z plasma facing compo- nents which is scheduled to begin with a row of molybdenum tiles. Imaging with narrow-bandpass interference filters and high-resolution spectroscopy will be coupled to estimate divertor impurity influxes. Vacuum ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet spectrometers will allow connecting high-Z sources to SOL transport and core impurity content. The high-Z diagnostics suite complements the existing measurements for low-Z impurities (carbon and lithium), critical for the characterization of sputtering of high-Z materials.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
November 2016

123. Distinct cytoskeletal proteins define zones of enhanced cell wall synthesis in Helicobacter pylori

Author(s):
Taylor, Jenny A.; Bratton, Benjamin P.; Sichel, Sophie R.; Blair, Kris M.; Jacobs, Holly M.; DeMeester, Kristen E.; Kuru, Erkin; Gray, Joe; Biboy, Jacob; VanNieuwenhze, Michael S.; Vollmer, Waldemar; Grimes, Catherine L.; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Salama, Nina R.
Abstract:
Helical cell shape is necessary for efficient stomach colonization by Helicobacter pylori, but the molecular mechanisms for generating helical shape remain unclear. We show that the helical centerline pitch and radius of wild-type H. pylori cells dictate surface curvatures of considerably higher positive and negative Gaussian curvatures than those present in straight- or curved-rod bacteria. Quantitative 3D microscopy analysis of short pulses with either N-acetylmuramic acid or D-alanine metabolic probes showed that cell wall growth is enhanced at both sidewall curvature extremes. Immunofluorescence revealed MreB is most abundant at negative Gaussian curvature, while the bactofilin CcmA is most abundant at positive Gaussian curvature. Strains expressing CcmA variants with altered polymerization properties lose helical shape and associated positive Gaussian curvatures. We thus propose a model where CcmA and MreB promote PG synthesis at positive and negative Gaussian curvatures, respectively, and that this patterning is one mechanism necessary for maintaining helical shape.
Type:
Dataset and Image
Issue Date:
April 2019

125. Drosophila melanogaster Long Timescale Data 2022

Author(s):
McKenze-Smith, Grace C.; Wolf, Scott W.
Abstract:
This dataset contains lifetime recordings and associated postural data and ethograms for 47 male Drosophila melanogaster.
Type:
Dataset and MovingImage
Issue Date:
September 2023

126. Dust and Starlight Maps for Galaxies in the KINGFISH Sample

Author(s):
Aniano, G.; Draine, B.T.; Hunt, L.K.; Sandstrom, K.; Calzetti, D.; Kennicutt, R.C.; Dale, D.A.; Galametz, M.; Gordon, K.D.; Leroy, A.K.; Smith, J.-D.T.; Roussel, H.; Sauvage, M.; Walter, F.; Armus, L.; Bolatto, A.D.; Boquien, M.; Crocker, A.; De Looze, I.; Donovan Meyer, J.; Helou, G.; Hinz, J.; Johnson, B.D.; Koda, J.; Miller, A.; Montiel, E.; Murphy, E.J.; Relano, M.; Rix, H.-W.; Schinnerer, E.; Skibba, R.; Wolfire, M.G.; Engelbracht, C.W.
Abstract:
Dust and starlight have been modeled for the KINGFISH project galaxies. For each pixel in each galaxy, we estimate: (1) dust surface density; (2) q_PAH, the dust mass fraction in PAHs; (3) distribution of starlight intensities heating the dust; (4) luminosity emitted by the dust; and (5) dust luminosity from regions with high starlight intensity. The modeling is as described in the paper "Modeling Dust and Starlight in Galaxies Observed by Spitzer and Herschel: The KINGFISH Sample", by G. Aniano, B.T. Draine, L.K. Hunt, K. Sandstrom, D. Calzetti, R.C. Kennicutt, D.A, Dale, and 26 other authors, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal.
Type:
Dataset and Image

127. Dynamic reconfiguration of the default mode network during narrative comprehension

Author(s):
Simony, Erez; Honey, Christopher; Chen, Janice; Lositsky, Olga; Yeshurun, Yaara; Wiesel, Ami; Hasson, Uri
Abstract:
Does the default mode network (DMN) reconfigure to encode information about the changing environment? This question has proven difficult, because patterns of functional connectivity reflect a mixture of stimulus-induced neural processes, intrinsic neural processes and non-neuronal noise. Here we introduce inter-subject functional correlation (ISFC), which isolates stimulus-dependent inter-regional correlations between brains exposed to the same stimulus. During fMRI, we had subjects listen to a real-life auditory narrative and to temporally scrambled versions of the narrative. We used ISFC to isolate correlation patterns within the DMN that were locked to the processing of each narrative segment and specific to its meaning within the narrative context. The momentary configurations of DMN ISFC were highly replicable across groups. Moreover, DMN coupling strength predicted memory of narrative segments. Thus, ISFC opens new avenues for linking brain network dynamics to stimulus features and behaviour.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
18 July 2016

128. Dynamics of filaments during the edge-localized mode crash on NSTX

Author(s):
Lampert,Mate; Diallo,Ahmed; Myra,James R.; Zweben, Stewart J.
Abstract:
Edge localized modes (ELMs) are routinely observed in H-mode plasma regimes of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). Due to the explosive nature of the instability, only diagnostics with high temporal and spatial resolution could provide a detailed insight into the dynamics associated with the ELMs. Gas-puff imaging (GPI) at NSTX provides 2D measurements of the magnetic field aligned fluctuations (e.g. ELM filaments) in the scrape-off layer and the at the plasma edge with 2.5 us temporal and 10 mm optical resolution.A novel analysis technique was developed to estimate the frame-by-frame velocities and the spatial parameters of the dominant structures associated with the ELMs. The analysis was applied to single ELM events to characterize the ELM crash dynamics, and then extended to a database of 169 ELM events.Statistical analysis was performed in order to find the characterizing dynamics of the ELM crash. The results show that on average an ELM crash consists of a filament with a circular cross-section which is propelled outwards with a characterizing peak radial velocity of ~3.3 km/s. The radial velocity was found to be linearly dependent on the distance of the filament from the separatrix, which has never been seen before. The ELM filament is characterized by propagation in the ion-diamagnetic direction poloidally with a peak velocity of 11.4 km/s. The ELM crash lasts for approximately 100us until the radial propulsion settles back to the pre-ELM level. The experimental findings were compared with analytical theory. Two possible mechanisms were identified for explaining the observations: the curvature interchange model and the current-filament interaction model.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
January 2021

130. ELM frequency enhancement and discharge modification through lithium granule injection into EAST H-modes

Author(s):
Lunsford; Hsu, J.S.; Sun, Z.; Maingi, R.; Mansfield, D.K.; Xu, W.; Zuo, G.Z.; Huang, M.; Diallo, A.; Osborne, T.; Tritz, K.; Canik, J.; Meng, X.C.; Gong, X.Z.; Wan, B.N.; Li, J.G.; EAST Team
Abstract:
The injection of impurity granules into fusion research discharges can serve as a catalyst for ELM events. For sufficiently low ELM frequencies, and granule sizes above a threshold, this can result in full control of the ELM cycle, referred to as ELM pacing. For this research, we extend the investigation to conditions where the natural ELM frequency is too high for ELM pacing to be realized. Utilizing multiple sizes of lithium granules and classifying their effects by granule size, we demonstrate that ELM mitigation through frequency multiplication can be used at ELM triggering rates that nominally make ELM pacing unrealizable. We find that above a size threshold, injected granules promptly trigger ELMs and commensurately enhance the ELM frequency . Below this threshold size, injection of an individual granule does not always lead to the prompt triggering of an ELM; however, collective ablation in the edge pedestal region does enhance the ELM frequency. Specifically, Li granules too small to individually trigger ELMs were injected into EAST H-mode discharges at frequencies up to 2.3 kHz; collectively the granules were observed to enhance the natural ELM frequency up to 620 Hz, resulting in a ~2.4x multiplication of the natural ELM frequency and a 50% decrease of the ELM size.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
October 2018

133. Effects of Axial Boundary Conductivity on a Free Stewartson-Shercliff Layer

Author(s):
Caspary, Kyle J.; Choi, Dahan; Ebrahimi, Fatima; Gilson, Erik P.; Goodman, Jeremy; Ji, Hantao
Abstract:
The effects of axial boundary conductivity on the formation and stability of a magnetized free Stewartson-Shercliff layer (SSL) in a short Taylor-Couette device are reported. As the axial field increases with insulating endcaps, hydrodynamic Kelvin-Helmholtz-type instabilities set in at the SSLs of the conducting fluid, resulting in a much reduced flow shear. With conducting endcaps, SSLs respond to an axial field weaker by the square root of the conductivity ratio of endcaps to fluid. Flow shear continuously builds up as the axial field increases despite the local violation of the Rayleigh criterion, leading to a large number of hydrodynamically unstable modes. Numerical simulations of both the mean flow and the instabilities are in agreement with the experimental results.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
2018

140. Electron heating and energy inventory during asymmetric reconnection in a laboratory plasma

Author(s):
Yoo, Jongsoo; Na, Byungkeun; Jara-Almonte, Jonathan; Yamada, Maasaki; Ji, Hantao; Roytershteyn, V.; Argall, M. R.; Fox, W.; Chen, Li-Jen
Abstract:
Electron heating and the energy inventory during asymmetric reconnection are studied in the laboratory plasma with a density ratio of about 8 across the current sheet. Features of asymmetric reconnection such as the large density gradients near the low-density-side separatrices, asymmetric in-plane electric field, and bipolar out-of-plane magnetic field are observed. Unlike the symmetric case, electrons are also heated near the low-density-side separatrices. The measured parallel electric field may explain the observed electron heating. Although large fluctuations driven by lower-hybrid drift instabilities are also observed near the low-density-side separatrices, laboratory measurements and numerical simulations reported here suggest that they do not play a major role in electron energization. The average electron temperature increase in the exhaust region is proportional to the incoming magnetic energy per an electron/ion pair but exceeds scalings of the previous space observations. This discrepancy is explained by differences in the boundary condition and system size. The profile of electron energy gain from the electric field shows that there is additional electron energy gain associated with the electron diamagnetic current besides a large energy gain near the X-line. This additional energy gain increases electron enthalpy, not the electron temperature. Finally, a quantitative analysis of the energy inventory during asymmetric reconnection is conducted. Unlike the symmetric case where the ion energy gain is about twice more than the electron energy gain, electrons and ions obtain a similar amount of energy during asymmetric reconnection.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
August 2017

150. Enhancement of edge turbulence concomitant with ELM suppression during boron powder injection in EAST

Author(s):
Sun, Zhen; Maingi, Rajesh; Diallo, Ahmed; Xu, Wei; Qian, Yuzhong; Tritz, Kevin; Ye, Yang; Li, Chenglong; Xu, Zong; Wang, Yifeng; Ye, Kaixuan; Bortolon, A.; Nagy, Alex; Zhang, Ling; Duan, Yanmin; Lu, Zhiyuan; Wang, Huiqian; Shi, Tonghui; Zhao, Hailin; Wei, Gao; Xu, Jichan; Chen, Ran; Huang, Ming; Zuo, Guizhong; Xu, Guosheng; Gong, Xianzu; Hu, Jiansheng
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
2021

151. Estimated The New York Times paragraph- and article-level sentiment on China topics, and aggregated survey attitude toward China

Author(s):
Huang, Junming; Cook, Gavin; Xie, Yu
Abstract:
Here we publish the data used in paper "Junming Huang, Gavin Cook, and Yu Xie, Large-scale Quantitative Evidence of Media Impact on Public Opinion toward China". This dataset include estimated sentiments on The New York Times on China in eight topics from 1970 to 2019, and a time series of public attitude aggregated from surveys on China.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
July 2021

154. Experimental calibration procedures for rotating Lorentz-force flowmeters

Author(s):
Hvasta, M. G.; Slighton, N. T.; Kolemen, E.; Fisher, A. E.
Abstract:
Rotating Lorentz-force flowmeters are a novel and useful technology with a range of applications in a variety of different industries. However, calibrating these flowmeters can be challenging, time-consuming, and expensive. In this paper, simple calibration procedures for rotating Lorentz-force flowmeters are presented. These procedures eliminate the need for expensive equipment, numerical modeling, redundant flowmeters, and system down-time. The calibration processes are explained in a step-by-step manner and compared to experimental results.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
2017

155. Experimental data for paper "hydraulic transmissivity inferred from ice-sheet relaxation following Greenland supraglacial lake drainages"

Author(s):
Lai, Ching-Yao
Abstract:
This setup mimics ice lying above the drainage system. In the experiment, a fluid-filled blister is generated via liquid injection into the interface between a transparent elastic layer and a porous substrate. After injection of liquid, the fluid permeates from the blister through the porous substrate, the blister volume V(t) relaxes exponentially with time. Our lab experiments show that varying the permeability of the porous substrate k significantly impacts the relaxation timescale in the experiments.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
18 May 2021

156. Experimental demonstration of hydraulic jump control in liquid metal channel flow using Lorentz force

Author(s):
Fisher, Adam; Kolemen, Egemen; Hvasta, Mike
Abstract:
In this paper, hydraulic jump control using electromagnetic force in a liquid metal flow is presented. The control methods used give insight into the hydraulic jump behavior in the presence of magnetic fields and electrical currents. Flowing liquid metals is a proposed solution to heat flux challenges posed in fusion reactors, specifically the tokamak. Unfortunately, thin, fast-flowing liquid metal divertor concepts for fusion reactors are susceptible to hydraulic jumps that drastically reduce the liquid metal flow speed, leading to potential problems such as excessive evaporation, unsteady power removal, and possible plasma disruption. Highly electrically conductive flows within the magnetic fields do not exhibit traditional hydraulic jump behavior. There is very little research investigating the use of externally injected electrical currents and magnetic fields to control liquid metal hydraulic jumps. By using externally injected electrical currents and a magnetic field, a Lorentz force (also referred to as j × B force) may be generated to control the liquid metal jump behavior. In this work, a free-surface liquid metal—GaInSn eutectic or “galinstan”—flow through an electrically insulating rectangular duct was investigated. It was shown that applying a Lorentz force has a repeatable and predictable impact on the hydraulic jump, which can be used for liquid metal control within next-generation fusion reactors.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
2018

159. Fast animal pose estimation using deep neural networks

Author(s):
Pereira, Talmo D.; Aldarondo, Diego E.; Willmore, Lindsay; Kislin, Mikhail; Wang, Samuel S.-H.; Murthy, Mala; Shaevitz, Joshua W.
Abstract:
Recent work quantifying postural dynamics has attempted to define the repertoire of behaviors performed by an animal. However, a major drawback to these techniques has been their reliance on dimensionality reduction of images which destroys information about which parts of the body are used in each behavior. To address this issue, we introduce a deep learning-based method for pose estimation, LEAP (LEAP Estimates Animal Pose). LEAP automatically predicts the positions of animal body parts using a deep convolutional neural network with as little as 10 frames of labeled data for training. This framework consists of a graphical interface for interactive labeling of body parts and software for training the network and fast prediction on new data (1 hr to train, 185 Hz predictions). We validate LEAP using videos of freely behaving fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and track 32 distinct points on the body to fully describe the pose of the head, body, wings, and legs with an error rate of <3% of the animal's body length. We recapitulate a number of reported findings on insect gait dynamics and show LEAP's applicability as the first step in unsupervised behavioral classification. Finally, we extend the method to more challenging imaging situations (pairs of flies moving on a mesh-like background) and movies from freely moving mice (Mus musculus) where we track the full conformation of the head, body, and limbs.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
30 May 2018

161. Feedback control design for non-inductively sustained scenarios in NSTX-U using TRANSP

Author(s):
Boyer, M.D.; Andre, R.G.; Gates, D.A.; Gerhardt, S.P.; Menard, J.E.; Poli, F.M.
Abstract:
This paper examines a method for real-time control of non-inductively sustained scenarios in NSTX-U by using TRANSP, a time-dependent integrated modeling code for prediction and interpretive analysis of tokamak experimental data, as a simulator. The actuators considered for control in this work are the six neutral beam sources and the plasma boundary shape. To understand the response of the plasma current, stored energy, and central safety factor to these actuators and to enable systematic design of control algorithms, simulations were run in which the actuators were modulated and a linearized dynamic response model was generated. A multi-variable model-based control scheme that accounts for the coupling and slow dynamics of the system while mitigating the effect of actuator limitations was designed and simulated. Simulations show that modest changes in the outer gap and heating power can improve the response time of the system, reject perturbations, and track target values of the controlled values.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
June 2017

162. Femtosecond X-ray Diffraction of Laser-shocked Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) to 122 GPa

Author(s):
Kim, Donghoon; Tracy, Sally J.; Smith, Raymond F.; Gleason, Arianna E.; Bolme, Cindy A.; Prakapenka, Vitali B.; Appel, Karen; Speziable, Sergio; Wicks, June K.; Berryman, Eleanor J.; Han, Sirus K.; Schoelmerich, Markus O.; Lee, Hae Ja; Nagler, Bob; Cunningham, Eric F.; Akin, Minta C.; Asimow, Paul D.; Eggert, Jon H.; Duffy, Thomas S.
Abstract:
The behavior of forsterite, Mg2SiO4, under dynamic compression is of fundamental importance for understanding its phase transformations and high-pressure behavior. Here, we have carried out an in situ X-ray diffraction study of laser-shocked poly- and single-crystal forsterite (a-, b-, and c- orientations) from 19 to 122 GPa using the Matter in Extreme Conditions end-station of the Linac Coherent Light Source. Under laser-based shock loading, forsterite does not transform to the high-pressure equilibrium assemblage of MgSiO3 bridgmanite and MgO periclase, as was suggested previously. Instead, we observe forsterite and forsterite III, a metastable polymorph of Mg2SiO4, coexisting in a mixed-phase region from 33 to 75 GPa for both polycrystalline and single-crystal samples. Densities inferred from X-ray diffraction data are consistent with earlier gas-gun shock data. At higher stress, the behavior observed is sample-dependent. Polycrystalline samples undergo amorphization above 79 GPa. For [010]- and [001]-oriented crystals, a mixture of crystalline and amorphous material is observed to 108 GPa, whereas the [100]-oriented crystal adopts an unknown crystal structure at 122 GPa. The Q values of the first two sharp diffraction peaks of amorphous Mg2SiO4 show a similar trend with compression as those observed for MgSiO3 glass in both recent static and laser-compression experiments. Upon release to ambient pressure, all samples retain or revert to forsterite with evidence for amorphous material also present in some cases. This study demonstrates the utility of femtosecond free-electron laser X-ray sources for probing the time evolution of high-pressure silicates through the nanosecond-scale events of shock compression and release.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
November 2020

163. Fermi-LAT Example Data and Template

Abstract:
A subset of the Fermi-LAT public data for use with NPTFit: https://github.com/bsafdi/NPTFit The data here is for use with the Jupyter example notebooks provided with the main code. Details of the files provided are given below. All files are provided as numpy arrays binned as nside=128 HEALPix maps. For the full public data, see: http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/
Type:
Dataset

164. First impurity powder injection experiments in LHD

Author(s):
Nespoli, F; Ashikawa, N.; Gilson, E. P.; Lunsford, R.; Masuzaki, S.; Shoji, M.; Oishi, T.; Suzuki, C.; Nagy, A.; Mollén, A.; Pablant, N. A.; Ida, K.; Yoshinuma, M.; Tamura, N.; Gates, D. A.; Morisaki, T.; experiment group, LHD
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
2020

166. Fluorescence Reconstruction Microscopy Data: Keratinocyte (10x) Phase to Nuclei (DAPI)

Author(s):
LaChance, Julienne; Cohen, Daniel
Abstract:
The data provided in this DataSpace consists of sample training data to be used for Fluorescence Reconstruction Microscopy (FRM) testing. We provide a subset of the keratinocyte (10x magnification) dataset used in our paper, in which interested parties may find more complete information about our data collection methods. Matched pairs of phase contrast and fluorescent images are given. The nuclei were stained using Hoechst 33342 and imaged using a standard DAPI filter set.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
2 March 2020

167. Fluorescence Reconstruction Microscopy Data: MDCK (20x) DIC to Nuclei (DAPI) and E-Cadherin (RFP)

Author(s):
LaChance, Julienne; Cohen, Daniel
Abstract:
The data provided in this DataSpace consists of sample training data to be used for Fluorescence Reconstruction Microscopy (FRM) testing. We provide a subset of the MDCK (20x magnification) dataset used in our paper, in which interested parties may find more complete information about our data collection methods. Matched pairs of DIC and fluorescent images are given. The cells stably expressed E-cadherin:RFP which enabled imaging of junctional fluorescence, while the nuclei were stained using Hoechst 33342 and imaged using a standard DAPI filter set.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
24 February 2020

168. Fluorescence Reconstruction Microscopy: Complete Testing Dataset

Author(s):
LaChance, Julienne; Cohen, Daniel
Abstract:
We provide all the test data and corresponding predictions for our paper, “Practical Fluorescence Reconstruction Microscopy for High-Content Imaging”. Please refer to the Methods section in this paper for experimental details. For each experimental condition, we provide the input transmitted-light images (either phase contrast or DIC), the ground truth fluorescence images, and the output predicted fluorescence images which should reconstruct the ground truth fluorescence images.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
April 2020

170. Fracture aperture maps used to study reactive transport, channelization, and permeability evolution in carbonate rocks.

Author(s):
Peters, Catherine
Abstract:
Fractures in geological formations may enable migration of environmentally relevant fluids, as in leakage of CO2 through caprocks in geologic carbon sequestration. We investigated geochemically induced alterations of fracture geometry in Indiana Limestone specimens. Experiments were the first of their kind, with periodic high-resolution imaging using X-ray computed tomography (xCT) scanning while maintaining high pore pressure (100 bar). We studied two CO2-acidified brines having the same pH (3.3) and comparable thermodynamic disequilibrium but different equilibrated pressures of CO2 (PCO2 values of 12 and 77 bar). High-PCO2 brine has a faster calcite dissolution kinetic rate because of the accelerating effect of carbonic acid. Contrary to expectations, dissolution extents were comparable in the two experiments. However, progressive xCT images revealed extensive channelization for high PCO2, explained by strong positive feedback between ongoing flow and reaction. The pronounced channel increasingly directed flow to a small region of the fracture, which explains why the overall dissolution was lower than expected. Despite this, flow simulations revealed large increases in permeability in the high-PCO2 experiment. This study shows that the permeability evolution of dissolving fractures will be larger for faster-reacting fluids. The overall mechanism is not because more rock dissolves, as would be commonly assumed, but because of accelerated fracture channelization.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
December 2017

171. Full-wave simulations of ICRF heating regimes in toroidal plasmas with non-Maxwellian distribution functions

Author(s):
Bertelli, N; Valeo, E.J.; Green, D.L.; Gorelenkova, M.; Phillips, C.K.; Podesta, M.; Lee, J.P.; Wright, J.C.; Jaeger, E.
Abstract:
At the power levels required for significant heating and current drive in magnetically-confined toroidal plasma, modification of the particle distribution function from a Maxwellian shape is likely [T. H. Stix, Nucl. Fusion, 15 737 (1975)], with consequent changes in wave propagation and in the location and amount of absorption. In order to study these effects computationally, both the finite-Larmor-radius and the high-harmonic fast wave (HHFW), versions of the full-wave, hot-plasma toroidal simulation code TORIC [M. Brambilla, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 41, 1 (1999) and M. Brambilla, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44, 2423 (2002)], have been extended to allow the prescription of arbitrary velocity distributions of the form f(v||, v_perp, psi , theta). For hydrogen (H) minority heating of a deuterium (D) plasma with anisotropic Maxwellian H distributions, the fractional H absorption varies significantly with changes in parallel temperature but is essentially independent of perpendicular temperature. On the other hand, for HHFW regime with anisotropic Maxwellian fast ion distribution, the fractional beam ion absorption varies mainly with changes in the perpendicular temperature. The evaluation of the wave-field and power absorption, through the full wave solver, with the ion distribution function provided by either aMonte-Carlo particle and Fokker-Planck codes is also examined for Alcator C-Mod and NSTX plasmas. Non-Maxwellian effects generally tends to increase the absorption with respect to the equivalent Maxwellian distribution.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
May 2017

172. Fusion Nuclear Science Facilities and Pilot Plants Based on the Spherical Tokamak

Author(s):
Menard, J. E.; Brown, T.; El-Guebaly, L.; Boyer, M.; Canik, J.; Colling, B.; Raman, R.; Wang, Z.; Zhai, Y.; Buxton, P.; Covele, B.; D'Angelo, C.; Davis, A.; Gerhardt, S.; Gryaznevich, M.; Harb, M.; Hender, T. C.; Kaye, S.; Kingham, D.; Kotschenreuther, M.; Mahajan, S.; Maingi, R.; Marriott, E.; Meier, E. T.; Mynsberge, L.; Neumeyer, C.; Ono, M.; Park, J. -K.; Sabbagh, S. A.; Soukhanovskii, V.; Valanju, P.; Woolley, R.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
2016

179. Graphite: Dielectric Tensor and Cross Sections for Spheres and Spheroids

Abstract:
Dielectric tensor for crystalline graphite from X-ray to microwave frequencies, as discussed in the paper "Graphite Revisited" (Draine 2016, Astrophysical Journal, in press). Cross sections for absorption and scattering by graphite spheres and spheroids are also tabulated, as well as Planck-averaged cross sections for absorption and scattering of radiation with a Planck spectrum.
Type:
Dataset

182. High Reynolds Number Wind Turbine Wake Data

Author(s):
Pique, Alexander
Abstract:
This dataset is affiliated with the publication https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-022-03455-0. All of the data provided is necessary to reproduce the results with the aforementioned publication. The data in this repository is for the wake of a wind turbine at high Reynolds numbers. The data is mainly used for reproducing the statistics (deficit and variance profiles) and the phase averaged results.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
16 June 2022

185. Hydrogen Retention in Lithium on Metallic Walls from “In Vacuo” Analysis in LTX and Implications for High-Z Plasma-Facing Components in NSTX-U

Author(s):
Kaita, R.; Lucia, M.; Allain, J. P.; Bedoya, F.; Capece, A.; Jaworski, M.; Koel, B. E.; Majeski, R.; Roszell, J.; Schmitt, J.; Scotti, F.; Skinner, C. H.; Soukhanovskii, V.
Abstract:
The application of lithium to plasma-facing components (PFCs) has long been used as a technique for wall conditioning in magnetic confinement devices to improve plasma performance. Determining the characteristics of PFCs at the time of exposure to the plasma, however, is difficult because they can only be analyzed after venting the vacuum vessel and removing them at the end of an operational period. The Materials Analysis and Particle Probe (MAPP) addresses this problem by enabling PFC samples to be exposed to plasmas, and then withdrawn into an analysis chamber without breaking vacuum. The MAPP system was used to introduce samples that matched the metallic PFCs of the Lithium Tokamak Experiment (LTX). Lithium that was subsequently evaporated onto the walls also covered the MAPP samples, which were then subject to LTX discharges. In vacuo extraction and analysis of the samples indicated that lithium oxide formed on the PFCs, but improved plasma performance persisted in LTX. The reduced recycling this suggests is consistent with separate surface science experiments that demonstrated deuterium retention in the presence of lithium oxide films. Since oxygen decreases the thermal stability of the deuterium in the film, the release of deuterium was observed below the lithium deuteride dissociation temperature. This may explain what occurred when lithium was applied to the surface of the NSTX Liquid Lithium Divertor (LLD). The LLD had segments with individual heaters, and the deuterium-alpha emission was clearly lower in the cooler regions. The plan for NSTX-U is to replace the graphite tiles with high-Z PFCs, and apply lithium to their surfaces with lithium evaporation. Experiments with lithium coatings on such PFCs suggest that deuterium could still be retained if lithium compounds form, but limiting their surface temperatures may be necessary.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
2016

193. Initial transport and turbulence analysis and gyrokinetic simulation validation in NSTX-U L-mode plasmas

Author(s):
Guttenfelder, W.; Kaye, S.M.; Kreite, D.M.; Bell, R.E.; Diallo, A.; LeBlanc, B.P.; McKee, G.R.; Podesta, M.; Sabbagh, S.A.; Smith, D.R.
Abstract:
Transport analysis, ion-scale turbulence measurements, and initial linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations are reported for a transport validation study based on low aspect ratio NSTX-U L-mode discharges. The relatively long, stationary L-modes enabled by the upgraded centerstack provide a more ideal target for transport validation studies that were not available during NSTX operation. Transport analysis shows that anomalous electron transport dominates energy loss while ion thermal transport is well described by neoclassical theory. Linear gyrokinetic GYRO analysis predicts that ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes are unstable around normalized radii $\rho$=0.6-0.8, although $E\timesB$ shearing rates are larger than the linear growth rates over much of that region. Deeper in the core ($\rho$=0.4-0.6), electromagnetic microtearing modes (MTM) are unstable as a consequence of the relatively high beta and collisionality in these particular discharges. Consistent with the linear analysis, local, nonlinear ion-scale GYRO simulations predict strong ITG transport at $\rho$=0.76, whereas electromagnetic MTM transport is important at $\rho$=0.47. The prediction of ion-scale turbulence is consistent with 2D beam emission spectroscopy (BES) that measures the presence of broadband ion-scale fluctuations. Interestingly, the BES measurements also indicate the presence of bi-modal poloidal phase velocity propagation that could be indicative of two different turbulence types. However, in the region between ($\rho$=0.56, 0.66), ion-scale simulations are strongly suppressed by the locally large $E\timesB$ shear. Instead, electron temperature gradient (ETG) turbulence simulations predict substantial transport, illustrating electron-scale contributions can be important in low aspect ratio L-modes, similar to recent analysis at conventional aspect ratio. However, agreement within experimental uncertainties has not been demonstrated, which requires additional simulations to test parametric sensitivities. The potential need to include profile-variation effects (due to the relatively large value of $\rho_*$=$\rho_i$/a at low aspect ratio), including electromagnetic and possibly multi-scale effects, is also discussed.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
March 2019

194. Injected mass deposition thresholds for lithium granule instigated triggering of edge localized modes on EAST

Author(s):
Lunsford, R.; Sun, Z.; Maingi, R.; Hu, J.S.; Mansfield, D.; Xu, W.; Zuo, G.Z.; Diallo, A.; Osborne, T.; Tritz, K.; Canik, J.; Huang, M.; Meng, X.C.; Gong, X.Z.; Wan, B.N.; Li, J.G.
Abstract:
The ability of an injected lithium granule to promptly trigger an edge localized mode (ELM) has been established in multiple experiments. By horizontally injecting granules ranging in diameter from 200 microns to 1mm in diameter into the low field side of EAST H-mode discharges we have determined that granules with diameter > 600 microns are successful in triggering ELMs more than 95% of the time. It was also demonstrated that below 600 microns the triggering efficiency decreased roughly with granule size. Granules were radially injected from the outer midplane with velocities ~ 80 m/s into EAST upper single null discharges with an ITER like tungsten monoblock divertor. These granules were individually tracked throughout their injection cycle in order to determine their efficacy at triggering an ELM. For those granules of sufficient size, ELM triggering was a prompt response to granule injection. By simulating the granule injection with an experimentally benchmarked neutral gas shielding (NGS) model, the ablatant mass deposition required to promptly trigger an ELM is calculated and the fractional mass deposition is determined.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
December 2017

195. Instability of shear flows in spatially periodic domains

Abstract:
Force-driven parallel shear flow in a spatially periodic domain is shown to be linearly unstable with respect to both the Reynolds number and the domain aspect ratio. This finding is confirmed by computer simulations, and a simple expression is derived to determine stable flow conditions. Periodic extensions of Couette and Poiseuille flows are unstable at Reynolds numbers two orders of magnitude smaller than their aperiodic equivalents because the periodic boundaries impose fundamentally different constraints. This instability has important implications for designing computational models of nonlinear dynamic processes with periodicity.
Type:
Dataset

196. Integrative Mechanisms of Social Attention

Author(s):
Bio, Branden; Graziano, Michael
Abstract:
Monitoring the attention of others is fundamental to social cognition. Most of the literature on the topic assumes that our social cognitive machinery is tuned specifically to the gaze direction of others as a proxy for attention. This standard assumption reduces attention to an externally visible parameter. Here we show that this assumption is wrong and a deeper, more meaningful representation is involved. We presented subjects with two cues about the attentional state of a face: direction of gaze and emotional expression. We tested whether people relied predominantly on one cue, the other, or both. If the traditional view is correct, then the gaze cue should dominate. Instead, people employed a variety of strategies, some relying on gaze, some on expression, and some on an integration of cues. We also assessed people’s social cognitive ability using two, independent, standard tests. If the traditional view is correct, then social cognitive ability, as assessed by the independent tests, should correlate with the degree to which people successfully use the gaze cue to judge the attention state of the face. Instead, social cognitive ability correlated best with the degree to which people successfully integrated the cues together, instead of with the use of any one specific cue. The results suggest a rethink of a fundamental component of social cognition: monitoring the attention of others involves constructing a deep model that is informed by a combination of cues. Attention is a rich process and monitoring the attention of others involves a similarly rich representation.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
22 July 2021

199. Inversion technique to obtain local ion temperature profiles for an axisymmetric plasma with toroidal and radial velocities

Author(s):
Bell, Ronald E.
Abstract:
A matrix inversion technique is derived to calculate local ion temperature from line-integrated measurements of an extended emission source in an axisymmetric plasma which exactly corrects for both toroidal velocity and radial velocity components. Local emissivity and toroidal velocity can be directly recovered from line-integrated spectroscopic measurements, but an independent measurement of the radial velocity is necessary to complete the temperature inversion. The extension of this technique to handle the radial velocity is relevant for magnetic reconnection and merging compression devices where temperature inversion from spectroscopic measurements is desired. A simulation demonstrates the effects of radial velocity on the determination of ion temperature.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
February 2021