China is the world's largest carbon emitter and suffers from severe air pollution. About one million deaths in China were attributable to air pollution in 2017. Alternative energy vehicles (AEVs), e.g. electric, hydrogen fuel cell, and natural gas vehicles, can help achieve both carbon emission mitigation and air quality improvement. However, climate, air quality and health co-benefit of AEVs powered by deeply decarbonized electricity generation remain poorly quantified. Here, we conduct a quantitative integrated assessment of the air quality, health, carbon emission mitigation and economic benefits of AEV deployment as the electricity grid decarbonizes in China. We find population-weighted annual PM2.5 and summer O3 concentration can decrease as large as 5.7μgm−3 and 4.9ppb. Annual avoided premature mortalities and years of life lost resulting from improved ambient air pollution can be as large as ~329,000 persons and ~1,611,000 years. We thus show that maximizing climate, air quality and health benefits of AEV deployment in China requires rapid decarbonization of the power system.
The dataset is a compilation of real time ground observations of criteria pollutants monitored at the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) continuous stations in India, from 2015-2019. Pollutants included are PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3 and are archived at every hour for all stations across India.
Chen, Xu; Gallagher, Kevin P.; Mauzerall, Denise L.
Abstract:
Global power generation must rapidly decarbonize by mid-century to meet the goal of stabilizing global warming below 2 degree Celsius. To meet this objective, multilateral development banks (MDBs) have gradually reduced fossil fuel and increased renewable energy financing. Meanwhile, globally active national development finance institutions (DFIs) from Japan and South Korea have continued to finance overseas coal plants. Less is known about the increasingly active Chinese DFIs. Here we construct a new dataset of China’s policy banks’ overseas power generation financing and compare their technology choices and impact on generation capacity with MDBs and Japanese and South Korean DFIs. We find Chinese DFI power financing since 2000 has dramatically increased, surpassing other East Asian national DFIs and the major MDBs’ collective public sector power financing in 2013. As most Chinese DFI financing is currently in coal, decarbonization of their power investments will be critical in reducing future carbon emissions from recipient countries.
Data from the 2007 Developmental Idealism survey conducted in Gansu province in China's northwestern borderlands reveal that Muslims of the Hui and Dongxiang ethnicities reported much higher rates of cohabitation experience than the secular majority Han. Based on follow-up qualitative interviews, we found the answer to lie in the interplay between the highly interventionist Chinese state and the robust cultural resilience of local Islamic communities. Using the 2000 census data and the 2010 China Family Panel Studies data, we further show that women in almost all ten Muslim ethnic groups have higher percentages of underage births and premarital births than Han women, both nationally and in the northwest where most Chinese Muslims live. As the once-outlawed behavior of cohabitation became more socially acceptable during the reform and opening-up era, young Muslim Chinese often found themselves in “arranged cohabitations” as de facto marriages formed at younger-than-legal ages.
This dataset encompasses three distinct sets of data analyzed in the study, namely the survey data on favorability to the US, the survey data on trust in Americans, and the social media data.
This dataset encompasses two distinct sets of data analyzed in the study, namely Asian American Scholar Forum survey data and Microsoft Academic Graph bibleometrics data:
Yu Xie, Xihong Lin, Ju Li, Qian He, Junming Huang, Caught in the Crossfire: Fears of Chinese-American Scientists, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, in press (2023).
This dataset encompasses three distinct sets of data analyzed in the study, namely the survey data on favorability to the US, the survey data on trust in Americans, and the social media data.
The first part of the dataset comprises the analysis in Study 1 and Study 3, which is collected from three surveys, including the Social Attitude Questionnaire of Urban and Rural Residents (SAQURR) in 2019 and 2020, the COVID-19 Multi-Wave Study (CMWS) between 2020 and 2022, and the Survey on Living Conditions (SLC) in 2023.
The second part of the datasets provides information used in Study 4, involving the 2018 and 2020 waves of the CFPS, Baidu Index data, and the COVID-19 cases and deaths data.
The third dataset is provided to depict trends in attitudes toward the US in Study 2.
This dataset is created for the paper titled 'Co-benefits of Transport Demand Reductions from Compact Urban Development in Chinese Cities' and published on Nature Sustainability. We construct 6 scenarios of compact urban development, alternative energy vehicle deployment, and power decarbonization to explore the co-benefits of transport demand reductions via compact urban development for carbon emissions, energy use, air quality, and human health in China in 2050. This dataset provides the following gridded information for the scenarios: (1) monthly mean surface PM2.5 concentrations from the WRF-Chem model; (2) annual PM2.5-related premature deaths calculated by the GEMM model; (3) 2015 population in China; (4) mask for provinces in China; (5) longitude and latitude of each grid center.
Zhou, Mi; Peng, Liqun; Zhang, Lin; Mauzerall, Denise L.
Abstract:
This dataset is created for the paper titled 'Environmental Benefits and Household Costs of Clean Heating Options in Northern China' and published on Nature Sustainability. Based on a 2015 regional anthropogenic emission inventory (base case), we propose seven counterfactual scenarios in which all 2015 residential solid fuel heating in northern China switches to one of the following non-district heating options: clean coal with improved stoves (CCIS), natural gas heaters (NGH), resistance heaters (RH), or air-to-air heat pumps (AAHP). This dataset provides the following gridded information for the base case and each clean heating scenario: (1) annual residential heating emissions for PM2.5/NOx/SO2; (2) monthly mean surface PM2.5 concentrations from the WRF-Chem model; (3) annual PM2.5-related premature deaths calculated by the GEMM model; (4) 2015 population in China; (5) mask for provinces in China; (6) longitude and latitude of each grid center.
This dataset provides the data generated during the project analyzing ‘Food Consumption Strategies for Addressing Air Pollution, Climate Change, Water Use, and Public Health in China’. It includes the code for generating the alternative dietary scenarios, for analyzing the health impacts of alternative diets, and for visualization of results.
Chen, Xu; Li, Zhongshu; Gallagher, Kevin P.; Mauzerall, Denise L.
Abstract:
Power sector decarbonization requires a fundamental redirection of global finance from fossil fuel infrastructure towards low carbon technologies. Bilateral finance plays an important role in the global energy transition to non-fossil energy, but an understanding of its impact is limited. Here, for the first time, we compare the influence of overseas finance from the three largest economies – United States, China, and Japan – on power generation development beyond their borders and evaluate the associated long-term CO2 emissions. We construct a new dataset of Japanese and U.S. overseas power generation finance between 2000-2018 by analyzing their national development finance institutions’ press releases and annual reports and tracking their foreign direct investment at the power plant level. Synthesizing this new data with previously developed datasets for China, we find that the three countries’ overseas financing concentrated in fossil fuel power technologies over the studied period. Financing commitments from China, Japan, and the United States facilitated 101 GW, 95 GW, and 47 GW overseas power capacity additions, respectively. The majority of facilitated capacity additions are fossil fuel plants (64% for China, 87% for Japan, and 66% for the United States). Each of the countries’ contributions to non-hydro renewable generation was less than 15% of their facilitated capacity additions. Together, we estimate that overseas fossil fuel power financing through 2018 from these three countries will lock in 24 Gt CO2 emissions by 2060. If climate targets are to be met, replacing bilateral fossil fuel financing with financing of renewable technologies is crucial.
Li, Zhongshu; Gallagher, Kevin P.; Mauzerall, Denise L.
Abstract:
The dataset include a list of power projects outside of China that receive Chinese foreign direct investment from 2000 to 2018. Detailed information including project capacity, location, share of Chinese ownership, type of power generating technologies are collected for each power project.
These data include 39 structured interview transcripts. Each case is someone who worked at the time for Uber, UberEats, Lyft, and/or Amazon Flex (Amazon’s contractor delivery service). These data were collected between July and September 2019. All but one of the interviews occurred over the phone. My questions are focused on the structure of their gig work jobs and the technology they used at work or expected to use at work in the future. I included a description of the data, the recruitment methods, and the discussion guide in this ReadMe file.
Here we publish the data used in paper "Junming Huang, Gavin Cook, and Yu Xie, Large-scale Quantitative Evidence of Media Impact on Public Opinion toward China". This dataset include estimated sentiments on The New York Times on China in eight topics from 1970 to 2019, and a time series of public attitude aggregated from surveys on China.
