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151. Sherlock Movie Watching Dataset

Author(s):
Chen, Janice
Abstract:
Our daily lives revolve around sharing experiences and memories with others. When different people recount the same events, how similar are their underlying neural representations? In this study, participants viewed a fifty-minute audio-visual movie, then verbally described the events while undergoing functional MRI. These descriptions were completely unguided and highly detailed, lasting for up to forty minutes. As each person spoke, event-specific spatial patterns were reinstated (movie-vs.-recall correlation) in default network, medial temporal, and high-level visual areas; moreover, individual event patterns were highly discriminable and similar between people during recollection (recall-vs.-recall similarity), suggesting the existence of spatially organized memory representations. In posterior medial cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and angular gyrus, activity patterns during recall were more similar between people than to patterns elicited by the movie, indicating systematic reshaping of percept into memory across individuals. These results reveal striking similarity in how neural activity underlying real-life memories is organized and transformed in the brains of different people as they speak spontaneously about past events.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
26 October 2016

154. Dynamic reconfiguration of the default mode network during narrative comprehension

Author(s):
Simony, Erez; Honey, Christopher; Chen, Janice; Lositsky, Olga; Yeshurun, Yaara; Wiesel, Ami; Hasson, Uri
Abstract:
Does the default mode network (DMN) reconfigure to encode information about the changing environment? This question has proven difficult, because patterns of functional connectivity reflect a mixture of stimulus-induced neural processes, intrinsic neural processes and non-neuronal noise. Here we introduce inter-subject functional correlation (ISFC), which isolates stimulus-dependent inter-regional correlations between brains exposed to the same stimulus. During fMRI, we had subjects listen to a real-life auditory narrative and to temporally scrambled versions of the narrative. We used ISFC to isolate correlation patterns within the DMN that were locked to the processing of each narrative segment and specific to its meaning within the narrative context. The momentary configurations of DMN ISFC were highly replicable across groups. Moreover, DMN coupling strength predicted memory of narrative segments. Thus, ISFC opens new avenues for linking brain network dynamics to stimulus features and behaviour.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
18 July 2016

155. Neural pattern change during encoding of a narrative predicts retrospective duration estimates

Author(s):
Lositsky, Olga; Chen, Janice; Toker, Daniel; Honey, Christopher; Hasson, Uri; Norman, Kenneth
Abstract:
What mechanisms support our ability to estimate durations on the order of minutes? Behavioral studies in humans have shown that changes in contextual features lead to overestimation of past durations. Based on evidence that the medial temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex represent contextual features, we related the degree of fMRI pattern change in these regions with people's subsequent duration estimates. After listening to a radio story in the scanner, participants were asked how much time had elapsed between pairs of clips from the story. Our ROI analysis found that the neural pattern distance between two clips at encoding was correlated with duration estimates in the right entorhinal cortex and right pars orbitalis. Moreover, a whole-brain searchlight analysis revealed a cluster spanning the right anterior temporal lobe. Our findings provide convergent support for the hypothesis that retrospective time judgments are driven by 'drift' in contextual representations supported by these regions.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
12 March 2016

159. Supplementary Model Output to "Climate, soil organic layer, and nitrogen jointly drive forest development after fire in the North American boreal zone"

Author(s):
Trugman, Anna
Abstract:
This dataset contains all the model output used to generate the figures and data reported in the article "Climate, soil organic layer, and nitrogen jointly drive forest development after fire in the North American boreal zone". The data was generated during spring 2015 using the a modified version of the Ecosystem Demography model version 2, provided as a supplement accompanying the article. The data was generated using the computational resources supported by the PICSciE OIT High Performance Computing Center and Visualization Laboratory at Princeton University. The dataset contains a pdf Readme file which explains in detail how the data can be used. Users are recommended to go through this file before using the data.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
2016

160. Accessing Real-Life Episodic Information from Minutes versus Hours Earlier Modulates Hippocampal and High-Order Cortical Dynamics

Author(s):
Chen, Janice; Honey, Christopher; Simony, Erez; Arcaro, Michael; Norman, Kenneth; Hasson, Uri
Abstract:
It is well known that formation of new episodic memories depends on hippocampus, but in real-life settings (e.g., conversation), hippocampal amnesics can utilize information from several minutes earlier. What neural systems outside hippocampus might support this minutes-long retention? In this study, subjects viewed an audiovisual movie continuously for 25 min; another group viewed the movie in 2 parts separated by a 1-day delay. Understanding Part 2 depended on retrieving information from Part 1, and thus hippocampus was required in the day-delay condition. But is hippocampus equally recruited to access the same information from minutes earlier? We show that accessing memories from a few minutes prior elicited less interaction between hippocampus and default mode network (DMN) cortical regions than accessing day-old memories of identical events, suggesting that recent information was available with less reliance on hippocampal retrieval. Moreover, the 2 groups evinced reliable but distinct DMN activity timecourses, reflecting differences in information carried in these regions when Part 1 was recent versus distant. The timecourses converged after 4 min, suggesting a time frame over which the continuous-viewing group may have relied less on hippocampal retrieval. We propose that cortical default mode regions can intrinsically retain real-life episodic information for several minutes.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
3 August 2015

162. Attentional Modulation of Brain Responses to Primary Appetitive and Aversive Stimuli

Author(s):
Cara L. Buck; Jonathan D. Cohen; Field, Brent; Daniel Kahneman; Samuel M. McClure; Leigh E. Nystrom
Abstract:
Studies of subjective well-being have conventionally relied upon self-report, which directs subjects’ attention to their emotional experiences. This method presumes that attention itself does not influence emotional processes, which could bias sampling. We tested whether attention influences experienced utility (the moment-by-moment experience of pleasure) by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure the activity of brain systems thought to represent hedonic value while manipulating attentional load. Subjects received appetitive or aversive solutions orally while alternatively executing a low or high attentional load task. Brain regions associated with hedonic processing, including the ventral striatum, showed a response to both juice and quinine. This response decreased during the high-load task relative to the low-load task. Thus, attentional allocation may influence experienced utility by modulating (either directly or indirectly) the activity of brain mechanisms thought to represent hedonic value.
Type:
Dataset, Software, and text
Issue Date:
11 February 2015

163. Dataset for JGR Article (DOI: 10.1002/2014JD022278)

Abstract:
This dataset contains all the data, model and MATLAB codes used to generate the figures and data reported in the article (DOI: 10.1002/2014JD022278). The data was generated during September 2013 and February 2014 using the Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Model also provided with this package. The data was generated using the computational resources supported by the PICSciE OIT High Performance Computing Center and Visualization Laboratory at Princeton University. The dataset contains a pdf Readme file which explains in detail how the data can be used. Users are recommended to go through this file before using the data.
Type:
Dataset, Image, Software, and text
Issue Date:
19 November 2014

164. Basin-Scale Leakage Risks from Geologic Carbon Sequestration: Impact on Carbon Capture and Storage Energy Market Competitiveness

Abstract:
This three-year project, performed by Princeton University in partnership with the University of Minnesota and Brookhaven National Laboratory, examined geologic carbon sequestration in regard to CO2 leakage and potential subsurface liabilities. The research resulted in basin-scale analyses of CO2 and brine leakage in light of uncertainties in the characteristics of leakage processes, and generated frameworks to monetize the risks of leakage interference with competing subsurface resources. The geographic focus was the Michigan sedimentary basin, for which a 3D topographical model was constructed to represent the hydrostratigraphy. Specifically for Ottawa County, a statistical analysis of the hydraulic properties of underlying sedimentary formations was conducted. For plausible scenarios of injection into the Mt. Simon sandstone, leakage rates were estimated and fluxes into shallow drinking-water aquifers were found to be less than natural analogs of CO2 fluxes. We developed the Leakage Impact Valuation (LIV) model in which we identified stakeholders and estimated costs associated with leakage events. It was found that costs could be incurred even in the absence of legal action or other subsurface interference because there are substantial costs of finding and fixing the leak and from injection interruption. We developed a model framework called RISCS, which can be used to predict monetized risk of interference with subsurface resources by combining basin-scale leakage predictions with the LIV method. The project has also developed a cost calculator called the Economic and Policy Drivers Module (EPDM), which comprehensively calculates the costs of carbon sequestration and leakage, and can be used to examine major drivers for subsurface leakage liabilities in relation to specific injection scenarios and leakage events. Finally, we examined the competitiveness of CCS in the energy market. This analysis, though qualitative, shows that financial incentives, such as a carbon tax, are needed for coal combustion with CCS to gain market share. In another part of the project we studied the role of geochemical reactions in affecting the probability of CO2 leakage. A basin-scale simulation tool was modified to account for changes in leakage rates due to permeability alterations, based on simplified mathematical rules for the important geochemical reactions between acidified brines and caprock minerals. In studies of reactive flows in fractured caprocks, we examined the potential for permeability increases, and the extent to which existing reactive transport models would or would not be able to predict it. Using caprock specimens from the Eau Claire and Amherstburg, we found that substantial increases in permeability are possible for caprocks that have significant carbonate content, but minimal alteration is expected otherwise. We also found that while the permeability increase may be substantial, it is much less than what would be predicted from hydrodynamic models based on mechanical aperture alone because the roughness that is generated tends to inhibit flow.
Type:
text
Issue Date:
5 June 2014

165. Complete Dataset for Williams Site Pore Water Chemistry, March 2011 - April 2012

Abstract:
Complete dataset of pore water chemical parameters measured at the Marsh Resource Meadowlands Mitigation Bank, a tidal marsh within the New Jersey Meadowlands, from March 2011 to April 2012. Analytes measured include dissolved methane, sulfate, dissolved organic carbon, temperature, salinity, and pH. Measurements were conducted using porewater dialysis samplers, and water was sampled from the surface to a depth of 60 cm.
Type:
Dataset
Issue Date:
7 March 2014

167. 60 degree Inclined Pulsar

Abstract:
Current sheet and open field lines with footpoints near the edge of the polar cap. The magnetic axis is inclined relative to the rotation axis by 60 degrees. Red field lines originate on the north polar cap and green field lines in the right panel originate on the south polar cap. Purple and grey colors indicate positive and negative net local charge density in the current sheet, which is shown between 1.2-2 light cylinder radii.
Type:
moving image
Issue Date:
21 November 2013

168. 90 degree Inclined Pulsar

Abstract:
Current sheet and open field lines with footpoints near the edge of the polar cap. The magnetic axis is inclined relative to the rotation axis by 90 degrees. Red field lines originate on the north polar cap and green field lines in the right panel originate on the south polar cap. Purple and grey colors indicate positive and negative net local charge density in the current sheet, which is shown between 1.2-2 light cylinder radii.
Type:
moving image
Issue Date:
21 November 2013

169. Aligned Nonspinning Dipoles

Abstract:
Magnetic field lines and current sheets for an orbiting neutron star binary with the magnetic moments of both stars aligned with the rotation axis. The stars are not spinning, i.e., R_{LC,∗} = ∞. Fields are by and large confined to the half of the magnetosphere closer to their source star. This movie shows the corotating field pattern as the orbit progresses.
Type:
moving image
Issue Date:
21 November 2013

170. Aligned Rapidly Spinning Dipoles

Abstract:
Magnetic field lines and current sheets for an orbiting neutron star binary with the magnetic moments of both stars aligned with the rotation axis. The stars are spinning rapidly at ∼ ms periods, with R_{LC,∗}/R_∗ = 2.7. Stellar spin winds fields backwards toroidally, and they can propagate to the far side of the magnetosphere closer to the opposing star. This movie shows the corotating field pattern as the orbit progresses.
Type:
moving image
Issue Date:
21 November 2013

171. Antialigned Nonspinning Dipoles

Abstract:
Magnetic field lines and current sheets for an orbiting neutron star binary with the magnetic moment of one star aligned with the rotation axis, and the magnetic moment of the other star tilted and antialigned with the rotation axis. The stars are not spinning, i.e., R_{LC,∗} = ∞. Fields from each star encircle the other star and force fields coming off the second star backwards toroidally. This movie shows the corotating field pattern as the orbit progresses.
Type:
moving image
Issue Date:
21 November 2013

172. Antialigned Rapidly Spinning Dipoles

Abstract:
Magnetic field lines and current sheets for an orbiting neutron star binary with the magnetic moment of one star aligned with the rotation axis, and the magnetic moment of the other star tilted and antialigned with the rotation axis. The stars are spinning rapidly at ∼ ms periods, with R_{LC,∗} /R_∗ = 2.7. Stellar spin winds fields backwards toroidally. This movie shows the corotating field pattern as the orbit progresses.
Type:
moving image
Issue Date:
21 November 2013

173. Dynamical Magnetic Fields of Antialigned Nonspinning Dipoles

Abstract:
This movie shows the dynamical behavior of field lines seeded on one of the stars. We find a clear cyclical process operating in the magnetosphere. First, field lines from one star can attach to the second star. Second, as the orbit progresses these field lines develop twist and are expelled outward past the second star as closed loops. Third, these loops open up to infinity and then reconnect on the far side of the first star opposite to the second. Fourth, the orbital motion will bring the second star back into contact with the closed loops, and they reattach to the second star.
Type:
moving image
Issue Date:
21 November 2013

174. An extended MHD study of the 16 October 2015 MMS diffusion region crossing

Abstract:
The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission has given us unprecedented access to high cadence particle and field data of magnetic reconnection at Earth's magnetopause. MMS first passed very near an X-line on 16 October 2015, the Burch event, and has since observed multiple X-line crossings. Subsequent 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) modeling efforts of and comparison with the Burch event have revealed a host of novel physical insights concerning magnetic reconnection, turbulence induced particle mixing, and secondary instabilities. In this study, we employ the Gkeyll simulation framework to study the Burch event with different classes of extended, multi-fluid magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), including models that incorporate important kinetic effects, such as the electron pressure tensor, with physics-based closure relations designed to capture linear Landau damping. Such fluid modeling approaches are able to capture different levels of kinetic physics in global simulations and are generally less costly than fully kinetic PIC. We focus on the additional physics one can capture with increasing levels of fluid closure refinement via comparison with MMS data and existing PIC simulations. In particular, we find that the ten-moment model well captures the agyrotropic structure of the pressure tensor in the vicinity of the X-line and the magnitude of anisotropic electron heating observed in MMS and PIC simulations. However, the ten-moment model has difficulty resolving the lower hybrid drift instability, which has been observed to plays a fundamental role in heating and mixing electrons in the current layer.
Type:
Dataset

175. Bubble pinch-off in turbulence

Abstract:
Experimental data, simulation code, and Python scripts to reproduce the data presented in "Bubble pinch-off in turbulence"
Type:
Dataset and Software

177. Dust and Starlight Maps for Galaxies in the KINGFISH Sample

Author(s):
Aniano, G.; Draine, B.T.; Hunt, L.K.; Sandstrom, K.; Calzetti, D.; Kennicutt, R.C.; Dale, D.A.; Galametz, M.; Gordon, K.D.; Leroy, A.K.; Smith, J.-D.T.; Roussel, H.; Sauvage, M.; Walter, F.; Armus, L.; Bolatto, A.D.; Boquien, M.; Crocker, A.; De Looze, I.; Donovan Meyer, J.; Helou, G.; Hinz, J.; Johnson, B.D.; Koda, J.; Miller, A.; Montiel, E.; Murphy, E.J.; Relano, M.; Rix, H.-W.; Schinnerer, E.; Skibba, R.; Wolfire, M.G.; Engelbracht, C.W.
Abstract:
Dust and starlight have been modeled for the KINGFISH project galaxies. For each pixel in each galaxy, we estimate: (1) dust surface density; (2) q_PAH, the dust mass fraction in PAHs; (3) distribution of starlight intensities heating the dust; (4) luminosity emitted by the dust; and (5) dust luminosity from regions with high starlight intensity. The modeling is as described in the paper "Modeling Dust and Starlight in Galaxies Observed by Spitzer and Herschel: The KINGFISH Sample", by G. Aniano, B.T. Draine, L.K. Hunt, K. Sandstrom, D. Calzetti, R.C. Kennicutt, D.A, Dale, and 26 other authors, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal.
Type:
Dataset and Image

178. Fermi-LAT Example Data and Template

Abstract:
A subset of the Fermi-LAT public data for use with NPTFit: https://github.com/bsafdi/NPTFit The data here is for use with the Jupyter example notebooks provided with the main code. Details of the files provided are given below. All files are provided as numpy arrays binned as nside=128 HEALPix maps. For the full public data, see: http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/
Type:
Dataset

180. Graphite: Dielectric Tensor and Cross Sections for Spheres and Spheroids

Abstract:
Dielectric tensor for crystalline graphite from X-ray to microwave frequencies, as discussed in the paper "Graphite Revisited" (Draine 2016, Astrophysical Journal, in press). Cross sections for absorption and scattering by graphite spheres and spheroids are also tabulated, as well as Planck-averaged cross sections for absorption and scattering of radiation with a Planck spectrum.
Type:
Dataset

181. Instability of shear flows in spatially periodic domains

Abstract:
Force-driven parallel shear flow in a spatially periodic domain is shown to be linearly unstable with respect to both the Reynolds number and the domain aspect ratio. This finding is confirmed by computer simulations, and a simple expression is derived to determine stable flow conditions. Periodic extensions of Couette and Poiseuille flows are unstable at Reynolds numbers two orders of magnitude smaller than their aperiodic equivalents because the periodic boundaries impose fundamentally different constraints. This instability has important implications for designing computational models of nonlinear dynamic processes with periodicity.
Type:
Dataset

182. Light Curves from a Search for Variable Stars in the Globular Cluster M4 with K2

Abstract:
The data are 4554 light curves derived from images taken of the globular cluster M4 by the Kepler space telescope during the K2 portion of its mission, specifically during Campaign 2 of that mission, which occurred in 2014. A total of 3856 images were taken over approximately three months at a cadence of approximately half an hour. The purpose of these observations was to find stars and other objects that vary in brightness over time --- variable stars. Also included is a table with associated information for each of the 4554 objects and their light curves.
Type:
collection and Dataset

183. Regulation of Harvester Ant Foraging as a Closed-Loop Excitable System

Abstract:
Ant colonies regulate activity in response to changing conditions without using centralized control. Harvester ant colonies forage in the desert for seeds, and their regulation of foraging manages a tradeoff between spending and obtaining water. Foragers lose water while outside in the dry air, but the colony obtains water by metabolizing the fats in the seeds they eat. Previous work shows that the rate at which an outgoing forager leaves the nest depends on its recent experience of brief antennal contact with returning foragers that carry a seed. We examine how this process can yield foraging rates that are robust to uncertainty and responsive to temperature and humidity across minutes to hour-long timescales. To explore possible mechanisms, we develop a low-dimensional analytical model with a small number of parameters that captures observed foraging behavior. The model uses excitability dynamics to represent response to interactions inside the nest and a random delay distribution to represent foraging time outside the nest. We show how feedback of outgoing foragers returning to the nest stabilizes the incoming and outgoing foraging rates to a common value determined by the ``volatility’’ of available foragers. The model exhibits a critical volatility above which there is sustained foraging at a constant rate and below which there is cessation of foraging. To explain how the foraging rates of colonies adjust to temperature and humidity, we propose a mechanism that relies on foragers modifying their volatility after they leave the nest and get exposed to the environment. Our study highlights the importance of feedback in the regulation of foraging activity and points to modulation of volatility as a key to explaining differences in foraging activity in response to conditions and across colonies. Our results present opportunities for generalization to other contexts and systems with excitability and feedback across multiple timescales.
Type:
collection and Dataset